Keratoconus: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus is an eye condition that affects the clear front part of your eye, called the cornea. Normally, the cornea is round and smooth. However, in keratoconus, the cornea becomes thin and starts to bulge outward like a cone. Because of this change, your vision can become blurry or distorted. Although keratoconus can affect anyone, it often starts in the teenage years or early adulthood. Early detection is important, as treatment can help slow the changes and protect your vision.

Symptoms of Keratoconus

At first, keratoconus symptoms may be mild. Over time, they can become more noticeable. For example, you may notice changes in your vision that glasses cannot fix. Common symptoms include:

Blurry or distorted vision

Increased sensitivity to light and glare

Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions

Difficulty seeing at night

Eye strain or headaches

Seeing halos around lights

Because these symptoms can be similar to other eye problems, it is important to get a proper eye exam.

Causes and Risk Factors

Experts are still studying the exact cause of keratoconus. However, several factors can increase your risk. For instance, genetics play a role, as the condition can run in families. Other risk factors include:

Family history of keratoconus

Frequent or vigorous eye rubbing

Certain medical conditions, such as allergies or asthma

Some connective tissue disorders

Living in areas with high sunlight exposure

While you cannot control all risk factors, avoiding eye rubbing may help lower your risk.

How is Keratoconus Diagnosed?

Early diagnosis is key to managing keratoconus. Eye doctors use several tests to check for this condition. For example, they may:

Measure the shape and thickness of your cornea using special cameras

Check your vision with simple eye charts

Use a slit-lamp microscope to look for changes in your cornea

In many cases, a test called corneal topography is used. This test creates a detailed map of your cornea’s surface. Because keratoconus can change over time, regular check-ups are important.

Treatment Options for Keratoconus

Treatment for keratoconus depends on how severe your symptoms are. In the early stages, glasses or soft contact lenses may help. As the condition progresses, other options may be needed. Common keratoconus treatment options include:

Eyeglasses or soft contact lenses for mild cases

Rigid gas-permeable contact lenses for better vision correction

Corneal cross-linking, a procedure that strengthens the cornea

Intacs, which are small inserts placed in the cornea to improve shape

Corneal transplant surgery for severe cases

Because each person is different, your eye doctor will help choose the best treatment for you.

Living with Keratoconus: Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

Living with keratoconus can be challenging, but many people manage it well. Here are some helpful tips:

Visit your eye doctor regularly for check-ups

Avoid rubbing your eyes, as this can make things worse

Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from bright light

Follow your doctor’s advice about contact lenses or treatments

Let your doctor know if your vision changes suddenly

With the right care, you can keep your vision as clear as possible.

Prevention and Early Detection

While you cannot always prevent keratoconus, early detection makes a big difference. For example, regular eye exams can catch changes before they become serious. If you have a family history of keratoconus, tell your eye doctor. In addition, avoid rubbing your eyes, especially if you have allergies. Early treatment can slow the condition and protect your sight.

When to See an Eye Specialist

If you notice any changes in your vision, see an eye specialist soon. For instance, if you have blurry vision, frequent prescription changes, or trouble seeing at night, do not wait. Early care can help you manage keratoconus and keep your eyes healthy. In summary, regular check-ups and quick action are key.

For personalized advice on keratoconus, consult an eye specialist at VIJAYA NETHRALAYA EYE CARE CENTRE. Your doctor can help you find the best treatment and support for your needs.